Методические указания по английскому языку

Категория реферата: Топики по английскому языку
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1. When was the first space satellite launched?
2. What is a satellite?

3. Who was the first cosmonaut in the world?

Вариант 2

1. Переведите текст:

"Ulugbek"

The great scientists of Central Asia were not only outstanding thinkers, who confirmed to the world faultless of their ideas on understanding the Universe. Central Asia also had some of the remarkable astronomers, who made careful observations under natural phenomena. Among
Samarkand's astronomers of the 15-th century was Ulugbek who made himself famous by his observations needed for science. Having studied Astronomy under famous scientists Ulugbek began intensively observing the sky. He built enormous observatory in Samarkand. Observatory was equipped by the most modern tools of that time.
2. Переведите слова и выражения: scientists, outstanding thinkers, to confirm, faultless, the Universe, remarkable, observations, intensively, enormous observatory, modern tools.
3. Переведите предложение:
Ученые Центральной Азии были не только выдающимися мыслителями, но и замечательными астрономами.
4. Переведите предложение:
Обсерватория Улугбека в Самарканде была оборудована самыми современными приборами.
5. Выбрать правильный вариант:
Samarkand's astronomers achieved the great accuracy in their ...... a) ideas b) observations c) instruments
6. Выбрать правильный вариант:
The catalogue " Starry tables "contained ........ position of 1018 stars in the sky. a) precise b) geographic c) different
7. Вставить предлоги:
Astronomy was subject..... major concern ..... him.
8. Вставить предлоги:
Ulugbek's contemporaries were fascinated..... the magnificence ..... the observatory.
9. Вставить предлоги:
Ulugbek widely used definitions .... geographic coordinates .... different places .... Central Asia .... practical purpose.
10. Составить предложение: of, astronomers, known, all, world, were, works, the, Samarkand's, widely, the, over.
11. Ответить на вопросы:
1) What was Ulugbek famous for?
2) What was the great achievement of Ulugbek in Samarkand?

Вариант 3

1. Переведите текст:

The Electric Current

When a conductor joins two points of different potential, electricity flows from one to the other along the conductors until the potentials are equal.
This process is very rapid, and with good conductors is completed in a fraction of a second. While it lasts, an electric current is said to flow from one point to the other. By convention, the direction of the current is said to be that from the higher to the lower potential, i.e. the direction in which positive charges would travel, but actually, owing to their much greater mobility, it is the negative electrons which move, and it is their motion which constitutes the current.
2. Переведите на русский язык: conductor, potential, rapid, direction, positive, charge, mobility, motion, negative, current.
3. Переведите предложения:
1) Electricity flows from one potential to the other until the potentials are equal.
2) An electric current flows from one point to the other.
3) The motion of the negative electrons constitutes the electric current.
4. Выбрать правильный вариант слова:
When a conductor joins two points of different potential... flows from one to the other. a) process b) electricity c) motion
5. Выбрать правильный вариант:
This process is very ... and is completed in a fraction of a second. a)large b)slow c) rapid
6. Выбрать правильный вариант:
The direction of the ... is that from the higher to the lower potential a) current b) electricity c) charge
7. Закончить предложение: The electric current passing through a wire .... a) will cool that wire b) will heat that wire
8. Закончить предложение:
By connecting wires to the top and bottom discs Volta .... a) was able to get electric current b) was able to heat a conductor
9. Закончить предложение:
When an electric current flows along a conductor, .... a) the latter becomes strong b) the latter becomes heated
10. Составить предложение: from, to, along, flows, potential, the, conductor, electricity, one, other, the.
11. Перевести на английский язык.
1) Направление тока осуществляется от высшего к низшему потенциалу.
2) Электричество течет от одного потенциала к другому, пока потенциалы равны.
3) Именно движение отрицательных электронов образует электрический ток.

Вариант 4

1. Переведите текст:

Faraday's Experiment

Faraday knew from his long study of electricity that magnetism should be able to produce a current, as well as vice versa. In spite of his various failures, the idea of producing a current directly by magnetic action remained firm in his thoughts. One of his friends said later how at this period of his long life Faraday used to carry about with him in his pocket a small rough model of electro-magnetic apparatus. This consisted simply of an inch-long straight iron core with some turns of copper wire wound round it. The basic idea he had in mind was this: if an electric current in a wire can produce a magnetic effect, why should not a magnet near a conducting wire produce an electric current?
2. Перевести на русский язык: electricity, magnetism, various, directly, magnetic, action, really, successful, immediately, reaction.
3. Переведите предложения:
1) Faraday knew that magnetism should be able to produce a current.
2) He had produced electricity through magnetism which had never been done before.
3) Faraday used to carry about with him a model of electromagnetic apparatus.
4. Выбрать правильный вариант слова:
In spite of his various.... Faraday was sure that magnetism should be able to produce a current. a) failures b) purposes c) magnets
5. Выбрать правильный вариант:
Anyone who has a coil of wire, a.... magnet and a sensitive current indicator may repeat Faraday's experiment. a. ) big b) bar c) copper
6. Выбрать правильный вариант:
Amplifying the current, the scientist.... the necessary results a) deflected b) got c) switched on
7. Закончить предложение:
Faraday's basic idea was that a magnet near a conducting wire should be..... a) on opposite sides of the ring b) able to produce an electric current
8. Закончить предложение: Faraday separated each turn..... a) by string for insulation purposes b) fed from the battery
9. Закончить предложение: Faraday wound long coils of thin copper wire...., a) he was disappointed b) on opposite sides of the ring
10. Составить предложение: by, produce, wanted, electricity, Faraday, to, electromagnetism.
11. Перевести на английский язык:
1) Идея получения тока непосредственно действием магнита не оставляла его мыслей,
2) Обычно Фарадей носил в кармане маленькую модель электромагнитного прибора.
12. Ответить на вопросы:
1) What was Faraday famous for?
2) What was his idea?
3) What can you say about a small model of electro-magnetic apparatus,

Вариант 5

1. Переведите текст:

The Discovery of Magnetic Induction.
The discovery in 1820 that there was a close connection between electricity and magnetism was very exciting -until then, the two subjects had been considered as quite independent. The first discovery was that currents in wires make magnetic fields; then in the same year, it was found that wires carrying current in a magnetic field have forces on them. In 1840 Faraday discovered - electric effects exist only when there is something changing.
If one of a pair of wires has a carrying current, a current is induced in the other, or if a magnet is moved near an electric circuit, there is a current. We say that currents are induced.
2. Переведите слова и словосочетания:
Discovery, magnetic induction, wires, magnetic fields, current, electric effects, induced, an electric circuit, connection, electricity and magnetism.
3. Переведите предложения:
1) Electricity and magnetism subjects had been considered as quite independent subjects.
2) If currents make magnetic fields, people suggested that magnets might also make electric fields.
4. Выбрать правильный вариант:
For the atom to be electrically neutral, the number of protons must be....... to that of electrons. a) more b) equal c) less
5. Выбрать правильный вариант:
We know Isaac Newton to express the connection between........ and motion in the form of several laws. a) electricity b) current c) force
6. Выбрать правильный вариант:
Before Faraday's discovery the only usable source of........ was the galvanic battery. a) electricity b) magnetism c) conduction
7. Закончить предложение:
Artificial magnets may be made by placing......... a) a magnet to be magnetised into a battery b) a piece of iron or steel to be magnetised into a coil
8. Закончить предложение:
Faraday wanted to produce electricity by......... a) Electromagnetism b) electric circuit
9. Составить предложение:
Was, carrying, a, have, them, discovery, that, current, magnetic, forces, the, wires, in, field, on.
10. Составить предложение:
A, electricity, and, had, as, was, between, magnetism, subjects, considered, independent, there, connection, and, these, been, quite.

Вариант 6
1. Переведите текст:

Generating an Electric Current

Alessandro Volta, a professor of physics, established the true source of the electric current. He demonstrated that it could be produced by the action of dissimilar metals. In 1800 he developed the first electric battery, a device known as a voltaic pile. Although he tried a number of different materials he found that the best results were obtained when he used silver and zinc as the two metals. The pile consisted of a series of small disks of these and of cardboard, the latter having been soaked in a salt solution.
2. Переведите слова и словосочетания: source, dissimilar, device, a voltaic pile, silver, zinc, cardboard, soaked, salt solution, series.
3. Переведите предложения:
1) The electric current could be produced by the action of dissimilar metals.
2) A voltaic pile consisted of a series of small disks and of cardboard.
4. Выбрать правильный вариант:
Alessandro Volta established the true... of the electric current, a) material b) source c) field
5. Выбрать правильный вариант:
During his experiments Volta developed the first electric... a) battery b) source c) device
6. Выбрать правильный вариант:
By connecting... to the top and bottom discs Volta got electric current a) discs b) wires c) bars
7. Закончить предложение:
An electric current is a flow of electrons along... a) the particles were electrons b) a metal wire or a conductor
8. Закончить предложение:
There are many measuring devices e. g.... a) galvanometers, voltmeters and others b) slight changes every day
9. Закончить предложение:
The method of producing electricity directly from heat attracts... a) problem of life b) attention of scientists
10. Составить предложение: that, current, produced, action, metals, demonstrated, the, could, by, of,
Volta, electric, be, the, dissimilar

II. Тексты для чтения и перевода.

Read and translate the texts:

Uzbekistan Chooses Its Way.

The proclamation of Independence on September 1-st 1991 was landmark in the history of the Republic. Uzbekistan is a multi-national country inhabited by more than 130 nations and nationalities.

Uzbekistan's present day economy is diversified consisting of agricultural and manufacturing industries including the gas and oil industries, ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy, coal and uranium fields, engineering, cotton-ginning, textiles, canning and others. Uzbekistan possesses the largest economic potential and highest growth figures amongst the republics of Central Asia in both industrial and agricultural development. An important place in the Republic of Uzbekistan's economy is given to the rural sectors and especially the cotton growing industry.
Uzbekistan ranks 4th in the world's gross cotton yield stakes. The substantial scientific-technical potential, both in the industrial and agricultural development sectors, has been created in the Republic.
Uzbekistan maintains foreign trade connections with many countries in the world, participates in various international exhibitions and festivals, enjoys the memberships of many international organizations, banks and funds. At present over 120 countries of the world have recognized the
Republic of Uzbekistan and diplomatic relations have been established with more than 60 of them. In Tashkent - the capital of independent Uzbekistan - there are 27 embassies, a UN mission and the opening of a further number of embassies is planned. Broad opportunities have been opened up for the involvement of the Republic in an international division of labour and for the extension of foreign trade, ties having been obtained through independence and sovereignty. Uzbekistan today has a developed infrastructure. The total length of railroads is over 3.5 thousand kilometers, connecting all the large economic centres of the Republic, ensuring entry to the CIS and other countries. There are over 40 thousand kilometers of highway. Uzbekistan is a Republic where traditions and principles of world community are highly honoured and being a full member, the Republic concentrates its efforts on the elaboration and realization of independent economic and social policies directed at renewing life, the intensive development of the national economy, the improvement of the peoples' well-being and its rapid integration into the world economic structure. The peoples of Uzbekistan look ahead with optimism.

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