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Zon, Hans van; Batako, Andre; Kreslavska, Anna (1998), 'Social and Economic Change in Eastern  Ukraine - the example of Zaporizhzhya’, Ashgate. UK.

Notes

[i] During the first half of 2000, 50.2 of Ukraine imports consisted of fuels.

[ii]  Households pay a fixed amount for housing services related to the number of persons living in the house and the useful living space. For example, a household, with one adult and one pensioner, that owns a house that formerly belonged to Zaporozhstal in Zaporizhzhya and still profits from its housing services regime, with discount, with 31 square meters useful living space, pays for housing services (tax, electricity, gas, warm water and central heating) 37 hryvnas (approximately 7 dollars) per month. A household with two children, one adult and on top one pensioner with discount, with 66.4 square meters living space, pays 26.5  hryvnas a month for hot water and 38.5 hryvnas for central heating. On top of that 24 hryvnas is paid if 200 kWh electricity is consumer (payments for electricity varies between 24 and 48 hryvnas a month. (December 2000). It means that this family pays for energy between 89 and 113 hryvnas (between  17.8  and 20.5 dollars). It is obvious that in the first case mentioned amount, if paid, can not cover real costs of energy consumption. Still many houses fall under special housing services regimes. In the second case, when energy costs are based on commercial calculations, in most cases families can not pay the full bill.

  An average household in the UK consumes 250 cub. m of gas a month, and pays for it 40 pounds, i.e. 58 dollars. Assuming the average consumption per household in Ukraine is also 250 m3, charging 80 dollars per 1000 cubic metres, means 20 dollars per month, i.e. 110 hryvnas.

[iii] Energobiznes, Nr 34-35, 5 September 2000.

[iv] EIU, Ukraine Country Report, October 2000, p. 29

[v] World Development Report 1999/2000, p. 249.

[vi]  The Day, 13 June 2000.

[vii] Hirschhausen, C. von, et al, 1997, p. 159.  According to the World Bank, the energy intensity of production in Ukraine was in 1995 even 0.2 dollar per kg oil equivalent.

[viii] IMF, 1997, p.11.

[ix] Kyiv Post, 28 March 1999.

[x] Kyiv Post, 18 May 2000.

[xi] IMF, April 1999, p. 19.

[xii] Eastern Economist, 22 May 2000.

[xiii] The Day, 22 February 2000.

[xiv] The system of regionally based gas monopoly rights that Prime Minister Lazarenko created is still in place and protected by President Kuchma. Kuchma vetoed a law that would give rights to the accounting chamber to inspect budget revenues, so protecting the gas traders who suck the Ukrainian economy, giving nothing in return but allowing these traders to transfer huge sums on foreign bank accounts.(Financial Times, 27 October 2000)

[xv] d'Anieri, 1999,  p. 73.

[xvi] Eastern Economist, 24 February 2000.

[xvii]  Subsidies to coal mining amounted in 1992 to 2.29 per cent of GDP, in 1993 3.36 per cent of GDP, in 1994 3.02 per cent, in 1995 0.66 per cent, in 1996 1.55 per cent, in 1997 2.01 per cent (Zerkalo Nedeli, 6 February 1999).

[xviii] Kyiv Post, 28 March 1999.

[xix] BBC/SWB, 5 January 1999.

[xx] Hirschhausen, C. von, et al, 1997, p. 155.

[xxi] Kyiv Post, 30 December 1998.

[xxii] According to P. McInally, coal mining engineer working as consultant for TACIS in Donetsk. 30 January 1999.

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