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Secondly, Russia is one of the important subjects of the international system, having significant political weight and rather large military- engineering opportunities. The Russian factor in many respects determines external policy a situation around of Kazakhstan, both on regional, and at the international level.

Thirdly, Russia is the major economic partner Republic of Kazakhstan.
It not only imports different production and techniques to Kazakhstan, but also is the market of selling of Kazakhstan production. About 70 % of
Kazakhstan industrial potential is involved on economy.

In - fourth, both states are combined with a historical generality, spiritual and cultural links. In region of Russia the man is Kazakh
Diasporas including 740 thousand. In Kazakhstan Russian are second on number ethnic group, making about 30 percents of the population of the country.

In this context the Russian direction of exterior policy of Kazakhstan remains to one of priority and strategic.

As a whole at the present stage in the Russian-Kazakhstan ratios the following most priority and perspective directions of cooperating are meant:
• Mutual trade.
• Interaction in oil and gas and power sphere.
• Cooperating in sphere of transport and communications.
• Cooperating in sphere of safety.

1.1 Mutual Trade.

The interests of both countries are answered with magnifying of mutual trade. Russian Federation traditionally occupies the first place among the basic trade partners of Kazakhstan both on export, and on import. Trade turn over in 2001 from Russian Federation has made 4 639,3 million of US dollars (Diagrama1,2).

It is necessary to mark, that last years the growth of a share of
Russian Federation in import and reduction in export is watched. The specific gravity of Russia in total amount of the Kazakhstan export is sequentially reduced (from 44,5 % in 1994 up to 20,2 % in 2001) and is augmented in import (from 36,3 % per 1994 up to 45,4 % per 2001). Within several last years of Kazakhstan has negative trade balance with Russian
Federation.

Basic trade partners, in import, 1994-2001 (%)

[pic]
|1994 |1996 |1997 |1998 |1999 |2000 |2001 |
|•Russian | 36,3 | 54,8 | 45,8 | 39,4 | 36,7 | 48,7 |45,4 |
|Federatio| | | | | | | |
|n | | | | | | | |
|• China | 2 | 0,8 |1,1 | 1,2 |2,2 | 3 | 2,8 |
|Poland | 0,7 | 1 |1 | 1,1 | 1,7 | 1,2 | 0,9 |
|•Uzbekist|7,8 | 2,1 |1,5 | 2,2 | 2,4 | 1,5 | 1,3 |
|an | | | | | | | |
|•Kyrgysta| 2,9 | 2,1 |1,5 | 1,2 | 0,7 | 0.6 |0,4 |
|n | | | | | | | |
|• | 0,5 |0,4 | 0,1 | 0,1 |0,1 | 0,1 | 0 |
|Tajikista| | | | | | | |
|n | | | | | | | |

The Diagrama1

Basic trade partners, in export, 1994-2001 (%)

[pic]
|1994 |1996 |1997 |1998 |1999 |2000 |2001 |
|•Russian | 44.5 | 42 | 35,2 | 29.6 | 19,8 | 19,5 | 20,2 |
|Federatio| | | | | | | |
|n | | | | | | | |
|• China | 4,6 | 7,8 | 6,8 | 7 | 8,5 | 7,3 | 7,1 |
|Poland | 1,7 | 0,4 | 0,4 | 0,8 | 1,4 | 0,8 | 1.5 |
|•Uzbekist| 4 | 3,4 | 2,3 | 2,2 | 1,2 | 1,5 | 1.4 |
|an | | | | | | | |
|•Kyrgysta| 1,9 | 1,9 | 1 | 1,2 | 1,1 | 0.6 | 1 |
|n | | | | | | | |
|• | 03 | 1 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 08 | 0.6 | 0,6 |
|Tajikista| | | | | | | |
|n | | | | | | | |

The Diagrama2

Considering structure of export and import on groups of the commodity spectrum, it is possible to select the following characteristic features.

Export. Structure of export Republic of Kazakhstan in Russian
Federation for the last few years has varied the separate commodity groups have occupied a leading position.
Now on four commodity groups (glow iris3) (fuel mineral, oil and petroleum; products of inorganic chemistry; grain bread and ores) are necessary about 80 % of the Kazakhstan export in Russia, whereas in 1994 on the pointed groups it was necessary 53,3 %. In 2001 as contrasted to
2000 the separate outbound delivering tended to lowering, so, for example, the specific gravity of export of a grain was reduced from 12 % up to 6 %; the export of products of inorganic chemistry was reduced from 14 % up to
13 %. Certainly, on lowering of export in Russia renders influence a variance between the in-house prices and prices of outbound delivering.

At the same time it is necessary to mark, that the reduction of export has taken place not on all basic groups of the commodity spectrum. The specific gravity of export of ore has increased from 8 % up to 10 % and export of fuel from 46 % up to 47 %.

Import of republic of Kazakhstan goes into first five of the countries of the basic trade partners of Russia in import. The specific gravity of import of Russia has increased in total amount of the Kazakhstan import from 36,7 % per 1999 up to 45,4 % per 2001. There were insignificant variations in groups of imported commodity production. So, the volumes of import were reduced
[pic]

Diagram 3
[pic]

Diagram 4

Transport, accordingly, from 15 % in 2000 up to 11 % in 2001, alongside with it the magnifying of import on such commodity groups is marked: fuel mineral (from 17 % up to 21 %), chemical production (from 14 % up to 16 %), black metals and work pieces from them (from 11 % up to 13 %)
(Diagrama4).

The analysis of export and import displays, that in structure of import as against export there is no predominance of separate commodity groups, it more diversification, at the same time grows a specific gravity of articles of food, products of processing ready articles.

From 89 regions of Russian Federation 72 have trade - economic links with Republic of Kazakhstan. Depending on volume trade turn over with
Kazakhstan these regions Russia can divide into a series of groups. The active participants of the foreign trade activity with Kazakhstan are first three groups of regions of Russia (table 1).

As a whole on 16 regions of Russian Federation from 72 it is necessary
80 % exterior trade turn over of Russia with Kazakhstan. The high activity pointed 16 regions is stipulated by more developed structure of their industrial manufacture with predominance of fuel-raw, petrochemical and machine-building specializations.

Feature of transport -geographical interregional links of regions of
Russia with Kazakhstan is the directedness mutual goods traffic primarily with Ural, Western and East Siberia, and also with Moscow and Moscow region.

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