Реферат

на тему:

“The history of Australia”

Работу выполнила

студентка Института Молодежи

группы МО- 102

Москва

1999 г.

Contents

General information about Australia……………………………………3

National anthem, flag and the coat-of-arms…………………………3
Terra Incognita (Unknown land)………………………………………..4
First European settlement……………………………………………….4
Creation of the Commonwealth of Australia……………………………5
New crown colonies…………………………………………………….5
Australia’s ties with Great Britain and the USA..………………………6
Literature………………………………………………………………..8

General Information about Australia

Australia is situated in the south-west of the Pacific Ocean. The area of this country is 7,7 million square kilometres. The population of the country is about 20 million people. The capital is Canberra. The population of Canberra is about 300 thousand people. Official language is

English. Australia is the largest island in the world and it is the smallest continent.

The Commonwealth of Australia is a self-governing federal state. It has got 6 states: New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia,

Tasmania and 2 internal territories.

National Anthem, Flag and the Coat-of-Arms

Australian national flag consists of 5 white stars of the Southern
Cross and the white Commonwealth star (the large seven pointed star) on a blue background with a Union Jack in canton. The Southern Cross is the southern Crux, whose four chief stars are in the form of cross.

The flag of Australia is the only one to fly over a whole continent.
The small Union Jack represents the historical link with Britain, and the large seven-pointed star represents the six states and the Territories, and the small stars form the Southern Cross – a prominent feature of the southern hemisphere night sky.

A distinctive Australia flora and fauna is reflected in the country’s coat-of-arms by the symbols of Australia’s endemic animals; kangaroo and emu and twig of wattle (a kind of acacia).

Australia officially adopted green and gold as its national colours in
1984.

The Australia national anthem was adopted in the 1970ties. It is used on the all official and ceremonial occasions.

Terra Incognita

(Unknown Land)

It is supposed that Australia’s native inhabitants, the Aborigines, arrived in Australia at least 40,000 years ago. The first Europeans visited the shores of Australia in 1606. The Spanish ship of Luis Vaes de
Torres sailed through the strait which now bears his name and separates
Australia and Papua New Guinea. In the same year the Dutch ship Duyfken
(Little Dove) sailed into the Gulf of Carpentaria. Among later voyagers is
Dirk Hartog (1616), who left an inscribed pewter plate (Australia’s most famous early European relic, now in Amsterdam) in Western Australia.

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