Рефераты | Топики по английскому языку | Polysemy In The Semantic Field Of Movement In The English Language Polysemy In The Semantic Field Of Movement In The English Language Категория реферата: Топики по английскому языку Теги реферата: решебники за 7 класс, рассказы Добавил(а) на сайт: Avksentij. Предыдущая страница реферата | 7  8  9  10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17 | Следующая страница реферата	jump, rise, raise, fall sink, plunge, plummet come down, lower drop, sink	CHANGE
		Importance/Status = Up	rise, climb, come down	CHANGE
		Happy = Up	fall, sink, lift	FEELING
		Activity/Process = Movement forward	push, prod	ACTION
Personification		Emotion = Sense expression	shake, tremble, shiver shudder, quiver	FEELING
		Idea = Human	slip, escape	COGNITION
		Body part = Human	fall, sink	FEELING

Following Goatly (1997), the metaphorization of abstract entities can obtain through a process of reification or personification. Reifying metaphors fall into three categories:

(i) Concretizing metaphors, which codify the representation of abstract entities as objects or cloth/clothes (first row).

(ii) Orientational metaphors, i.e. equations linked to the notion of place/space (second row).

(iii) Metaphors related to the notion of orientation. Abstract concepts such as health, pitch, happiness, amount and rank are seen as entities on a vertical axis (up/down)5.

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