Механические свойства элементов Периодической системы Менделеева

Категория реферата: Рефераты по химии
Теги реферата: операции реферат, развитие ребенка реферат
Добавил(а) на сайт: Велимир.

Erbium
Hardness, Vickers 42
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 136 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 60 MPa
Elongation at Break 11,5%
Reduction of Area 11,9%
Modulus of Elasticity 69,9 GPa in tension
Bulk Modulus 44,4 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,237
Shear Modulus 28,3 GPa

Thulium
Hardness, Vickers 48
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 140 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 60 MPa
Elongation at Break 12%
Modulus of Elasticity 74 GPain tension
Bulk Modulus 44,5 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,213
Shear Modulus 30,5 GPa

Ytterbium
Hardness, Vickers 17
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 72 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 66 MPa
Elongation at Break 43%
Modulus of Elasticity 23,7 GPa in tension
Bulk Modulus 30,5 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,207
Shear Modulus 9,9 GPa

Lutetium
Hardness, Vickers 44
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 140 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 60 MPa
Elongation at Break 12%
Modulus of Elasticity 68,6 GPa in tension
Bulk Modulus 47,6 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,261
Shear Modulus 27,2 GPa

Hafnium (Rod)
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 485 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 240 MPa
Elongation at Break 25%

Hafnium (Plate)
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 450 MPa Longitudinal
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 470 MPa Transverse
Tensile Strength, Yield 195 MPa Longitudinal
Tensile Strength, Yield 310 MPa Transverse
Elongation at Break 25% Longitudinal or Transverse

Hafnium (Strip)
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 450 MPa Longitudinal or Transverse
Tensile Strength, Yield 170 MPa Longitudinal
Tensile Strength, Yield 275 MPa Transverse
Elongation at Break 30% Longitudinal or Transverse

Tantalum (Annealed)
Hardness, Brinell 95 Converted from Vickers for 3000 kg load/10 mm ball
Brinell test
Hardness, Rockwell A 35 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Rockwell B 51 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Vickers 100
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 450 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity 186 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,35
Fatigue Strength 230 MPa 50,000,000 cycles, E-beam melted sample; rotating beam test,
Shear Modulus 69 GPa

Tantalum (Cold Worked)
Hardness, Brinell 195 Converted from Vickers for 3000 kg load/10 mm ball
Brinell test
Hardness, Rockwell A 56 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Rockwell B 92 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Rockwell C 12 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Vickers 200
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 900 MPa

Tungsten
Hardness, Brinell 294 Estimated from Vickers
Hardness, Knoop 318 Estimated from Vickers
Hardness, Rockwell A 66 Estimated from Vickers
Hardness, Rockwell C 31 Estimated from Vickers
Hardness, Vickers 310
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 980 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 750 MPa 0,2% Offset
Modulus of Elasticity 400 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,28
Shear Modulus 175 GPa Calculated
Shear Strength 400 MPa Average value for W blanks

Tungsten (drawn wire)
Hardness, Brinell 444 Converted from Vickers for 3000 kg load/10 mm ball
Brinell test Drawn and annealed
Hardness, Knoop 505 Estimated from Vickers,
Hardness, Rockwell A 74 Drawn and annealed
Hardness, Rockwell C 47 Drawn and annealed
Hardness, Vickers 480 Drawn and annealed
Tensile Strength, Yield 450 MPa

Rhenium (Annealed)
Hardness, Brinell 165 Converted from Vickers for 3000 kg load/10 mm ball
Brinell test
Hardness, Rockwell A 52 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Rockwell B 85 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Rockwell C 3 Value below normal HRC range, for comparison only
Hardness, Vickers 170
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 1070 MPa Value at 800°C is 620 MPa, Value at
1200°C is 410 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 290 MPa
Elongation at Break 15–25%
Modulus of Elasticity 469 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,296
Shear Modulus 176 GPa

Rhenium (Deformed)
Hardness, Brinell 500 Converted from Vickers for 3000 kg load/10 mm ball
Brinell test
Hardness, Rockwell A 76 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Rockwell C 50 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Vickers 550 15% Cold-Worked
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 2100 MPa
Elongation at Break 1–3%
Modulus of Elasticity 460 GPa

Osmium (Annealed)
Hardness, Brinell 293 Converted from Vickers for 3000 kg load/10 mm ball
Brinell test
Hardness, Rockwell A 66 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Rockwell C 30 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Vickers 300
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 1000 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity 560 GPa

Osmium (Cold-Worked)
Hardness, Brinell 580 Converted from Vickers for 3000 kg load/10 mm ball
Brinell test
Hardness, Rockwell A 80
Hardness, Rockwell C 57
Hardness, Vickers 670

Osmium (Arc-Melted)
Hardness, Brinell 722 Converted from Vickers for 3000 kg load/10 mm ball
Brinell test
Hardness, Knoop 822 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Rockwell A 83,4 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Rockwell C 64 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Vickers 800

Iridium (Annealed)
Hardness, Brinell 352 Converted from Vickers for 3000 kg load/10 mm ball
Brinell test
Hardness, Rockwell A 69
Hardness, Rockwell C 37
Hardness, Vickers 370
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 1000 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity 524 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,26
Shear Modulus 232 GPa Calculated

Iridium (Cold-Drawn)
Hardness, Brinell 565 Converted from Vickers for 3000 kg load/10 mm ball
Brinell test
Hardness, Rockwell A 80
Hardness, Rockwell C 56
Hardness, Vickers 650
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 2000 MPa

Platinum (CP Grade, Annealed)
Hardness, Vickers 40
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 125–165 MPa
Elongation at Break 35% in 50 mm
Modulus of Elasticity 171 GPa static in tension
Poisson's Ratio 0,39
Shear Modulus 62 GPa Calculated value

Platinum (CP Grade, Hard Drawn–50% Cold Worked)
Hardness, Knoop 103 Estimated from Vickers,
Hardness, Rockwell B 49 Estimated from Vickers,
Hardness, Vickers 90
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 205–240 MPa
Elongation at Break 1–3% in 50 mm
Modulus of Elasticity 156 GPa static in tension
Shear Modulus 56 GPa Calculated value

Platinum (Thermocouple Quality, Annealed)
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 143 MPa

Gold
Hardness, Vickers 25
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 120 MPa Annealed
Elongation at Break 30%
Modulus of Elasticity 77,2 GPa 60% Cold Worked
Poisson's Ratio 0,42
Shear Modulus 32 GPa 60% Cold Worked; Calculated Value

Thallium
Hardness, Brinell 2
Hardness, Vickers 2
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 7,5 MPa
Elongation at Break 40% in 125 mm

Lead
Hardness, Brinell 4,2 Cast
Hardness, Vickers 5
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 18 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity 14 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,42

Bismuth
Hardness, Brinell 7
Modulus of Elasticity 31,7 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,33
Shear Modulus 14 GPa Calculated

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