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Higher Elementary School took an examination to enter. They became civil servants who had decided to work in the Army. Graduates of the
56th and 57th term were involved in the Okinawa Tokko.

Pilot Trainee

The pilot trainees had to have a pilot's license, and had to be an Officer

Candidate. After one month in a squadron, they received six months of flight training in the Imperial Army Air Corps Academy of Kumagaya, and after six months as probationary Officer, became Second Lieutenants. Among the students of the Ninth term, there were graduates of the Higher
Pilot training schools.

Flight Officer Candidates

Officer candidates consisted of drafted men with at least Middle
School education. After four months of preliminary education, a test was taken. If they passed the test, they received the required education for officers, and if found fit for the position were ranked as Higher Officer Candidates. After serving as probationary officers, they were ranked as Second Lieutenants. If they were not found fit as an officer, they became the Lower Officer Candidates and became non-commissioned officers. Those who had the interest in flying received training with the Special Flight Officer Probationary Cadet in the
Imperial Air Corps

Academy. The students of the 7th, 8th, and 9th term were involved in the

Okinawa Tokko.

Special Flight Officer Probationary Cadets

This was for the college students drafted into the war by the
Gakuto Shutsujin who were interested in the Air Corps. The 1st term entered in
October 1943, the 2nd in December 1943, and the 3rd in June 1944. They were made into

Second Lieutenants in one year, half a year earlier than planned.
One sixth of the entire Okinawa Tokko of the Army was made up of these 312 cadets.

Pilot Training Schools

This was not an institution belonging to the Army, but belonged to the Ministry of

Communications. However, the content was almost the same. There were twelve of these schools and the students were separated into the regular course and flight training course. Students of fourteen to fifteen years old entered the regular course. After three years of regular education, the students received one year of flight training which the students of the flight training course had completed. To enter the flight training school from the beginning, an educational background of more than Middle School graduation was required.
108 of the graduates died in the Okinawa Tokko.

Appendix Two

The 72nd Shinbu Squadron

Many of the Kamikaze pilots mentioned in the Essay were pilots of the
72nd Shinbu-tai of the Imperial Army. The following are pilots of the squadron:

Title Name Age at Departure

Captain:

First Lieutenant Mutsuo Sato 24

Sergeant Nobuyoshi Nishikawa

Sergeant Kazuo Arai 21

Corporal Yukio Araki 17

Corporal Tsutomu Hayakawa 19

Corporal Kairyu Kanamoto

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