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I must have been asleep.

1. That dress you bought is very good quality. (It must / be / very expensive)
2. I haven’t seen Jim for ages. (He must / go / away)
3. I wonder where my umbrella is. (You must / leave / it on the train)
4. Don passed the examination. He didn’t study very much for it. (The exam can’t / be / very difficult)
5. She knew everything about our plans. (She must / listen / to our conversation)
6. Denis did the opposite of what I asked him to do. (He can’t / understand
/ what I said)
7. When I woke up this morning, the light was on. (I must / forget / to turn it off)
8. I don’t understand how the accident happened. (The driver can’t / see / the red light)

4. Rewrite these sentences using the modals given.

Example: Perhaps he fell. (may have) (might have)

He may have fallen.

He could have fallen.

1. Perhaps they saw us. (could have) (might have)
2. Perhaps he said that. I don’t remember. (might have) (could have)
3. We’re lost. I think we’ve taken the wrong road. (must have)
4. I wish you had seen it. It was wonderful. (should have)
5. I ought to have known that would happen. (should have)
6. Perhaps when I am fifty I won’t remember it. (will have forgotten)
7. It was possible for me to prevent that, but I didn’t. (could have)
8. You should have listened to her the first time. (ought to have)

5. Make suitable sentences from the table below using can.

|Learning English |can |Sometimes |be |exciting. |
|Watching | |Often | |boring. |
|television | |Occasional| |interesting. |
|Visiting | |ly | |painful. |
|relatives | | | |hard work. |
|Winter sports | | | |dangerous. |
|Going to the | | | |good fun. |
|dentist | | | | |
|Meeting new | | | | |
|people | | | | |
|Travelling | | | | |

Example: Travelling can often be boring.

6. Complete these sentences using can, can’t, could or couldn’t.

Example: There was a woman with a big hat right in front of me. I couldn’t see a thing.

1. I’m sorry, you’re in my light. I __________ see what I’m doing.
2. It was a huge hall and we were at the back, so we __________ hear very well.
3. When she screams, you __________ hear her all over the house.
4. She was phoning all the way from Singapore, but I __________ hear her very clearly.
5. __________ you hear me at the back?
6. Put your hands up if you __________ hear me.

7. Rewrite these suggestions starting with the words given.

Example: Let’s go to the theatre. / How about going to the theatre?

1. We should get started as soon as possible. / It might be a good idea
2. You could write and ask her yourself. / You might like to
3. Why don’t we take a winter holiday for a change? / What about
4. Couldn’t you just play at the end of the month? / You could
5. We could take a week off in July. / Let’s
6. You could ask Bill to help. / What
7. Why don’t you ring and tell them you’re coming? / You
8. We could borrow the equipment from Peter. / Couldn’t
9. Why don’t we keep quiet about that? / It might

8. Add comments to these sentences using I wish.

Example: I’m afraid your father can’t come. / I wish he could.

They always come late. / I wish they wouldn’t.

1. He always complains about everything. /
2. He never invites us round. /
3. We can’t go on holiday this year. /
4. She won’t listen to anything you say. /
5. They can’t help out I’m afraid. /
6. She never comes home at weekends. /

9. Fill each gap with a correct modal verb.

1. I really think you __________ see a doctor.
2. Oh, look! Mr. Thomson __________ be here: there’s his car.
3. Why did you carry that heavy box? You __________ hurt yourself!
4. - Where are my keys?
5. I suppose I __________ them in the car.
6. She had to wait 5 minutes for traffic to stop, but in the end __________ to cross the road.
7. I took my umbrella, but it didn’t rain, so I __________ taken it.
8. Everyone understood. The teacher __________ to explain it again.
9. He had an accident in his car. He __________ where he was going.
10. - Did she do the exercise?
11. No, she said she __________ understand it.
12. He is very rich. He __________ work for a living.
13. - Did you go to the concert?
14. No. We __________ have gone but decided not to.
15. - Did they find your house?
16. Yes, it took them a long time but they __________ to find it.
17. - Do you want me to wait for you?
18. No, it’s okay. You __________ wait.
19. His test is the best in class. He __________ (study) last night.

Unit 5 Gerunds and infinitives

The gerund

The gerund is used:

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