The history of Old English and its development
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Pl. cunnon cunnen cъюon cъюen юurfan (need)
Sg. 1 юearf юorfte
2 юearft } юurfe юorftest } юorfte
3 юearf юorfte
Pl. юurfon юurfen юorfton юorften magan (may)
Sg. 1 mжg meahte mihte, mihten
2 meaht } mжge meahtest
3 mжg meahte
Pl. magon mжgen meahton
The main difference of verbs of this type in modern English is their
expressing modality, i.e. possibility, obligation, necessity. They do not
require the particle to before the infinitive which follows them. In Old
English in general no verb requires this particle before the infinitive. In
fact, this to before the infinitive form meant the preposition of
direction.
And now finally a few irregular verbs, which used several different stems
for their tenses. These verbs are very important in Old English and are met
very often in the texts: wesan (to be), bйon (to be), gбn (to go), dуn (to
do), willan (will). Mind that there was no Future tense in the Old English
language, and the future action was expressed by the Present forms, just
sometimes using verbs of modality, willan (lit. "to wish to do") or sculan
(lit. "to have to do").
wesan (to be) - has got only the Present tense forms, uses the verb bйon in
the Past
Present
Ind. Subj. Imp.
Sg.1 eom -
2 eart } sнe, sэ wes
3 is -
Pl. sind sнen, sэn 2 wesaю bйon (to be)
Present
Ind. Subj. Imp.
Sg. 1 bйo -
2 bist }bйo bйo
3 biю -
Pl. bйoю bйon 2 bйoю
Past
Ind. Subj.
Sg. 1 wжs
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